Vamvakas S, Bahner U, Heidland A
Institut für Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Deutschland.
Am J Nephrol. 1998;18(2):89-95. doi: 10.1159/000013314.
Increased incidence of cancer at various sites is observed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In particular, lymphomas and carcinomas of the kidney, prostate, liver and uterus show an enhanced prevalence in these subjects compared with the general population. A multitude of factors directly or indirectly associated with the renal disease and the treatment regimens may contribute to the increased tumor formation in these patients. Impaired function of the immune system and of DNA repair mechanisms as well as reduced antioxidant defense, accumulation of carcinogenic compounds partly due to reduced renal elimination as well as chronic infections and inflammations are found more frequently in patients with ESRD compared with the general population and may act in concert to accelerate malignant transformation and tumor formation.
终末期肾病（ESRD）患者在各个部位的癌症发病率均有所增加。特别是，与普通人群相比，这些患者中淋巴瘤以及肾脏、前列腺、肝脏和子宫的 carcinomas 的患病率更高。许多与肾病和治疗方案直接或间接相关的因素可能导致这些患者肿瘤形成增加。与普通人群相比，ESRD 患者中更常发现免疫系统和 DNA 修复机制功能受损、抗氧化防御能力降低、部分由于肾脏排泄减少导致致癌化合物积累以及慢性感染和炎症，这些因素可能共同作用以加速恶性转化和肿瘤形成。
