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长时间高强度运动对马肺气体交换的影响。

Effect of prolonged heavy exercise on pulmonary gas exchange in horses.

作者信息

Hopkins S R, Bayly W M, Slocombe R F, Wagner H, Wagner P D

机构信息

Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0623, USA.

出版信息

J Appl Physiol (1985). 1998 May;84(5):1723-30. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.5.1723.

Abstract

During short-term maximal exercise, horses have impaired pulmonary gas exchange, manifested by diffusion limitation and arterial hypoxemia, without marked ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) inequality. Whether gas exchange deteriorates progressively during prolonged submaximal exercise has not been investigated. Six thoroughbred horses performed treadmill exercise at approximately 60% of maximal oxygen uptake until exhaustion (28-39 min). Multiple inert gas, blood-gas, hemodynamic, metabolic rate, and ventilatory data were obtained at rest and 5-min intervals during exercise. Oxygen uptake, cardiac output, and alveolar-arterial PO2 gradient were unchanged after the first 5 min of exercise. Alveolar ventilation increased progressively during exercise, from increased tidal volume and respiratory frequency, resulting in an increase in arterial PO2 and decrease in arterial PCO2. At rest there was minimal VA/Q inequality, log SD of the perfusion distribution (log SDQ) = 0.20. This doubled by 5 min of exercise (log SDQ = 0.40) but did not increase further. There was no evidence of alveolar-end-capillary diffusion limitation during exercise. However, there was evidence for gas-phase diffusion limitation at all time points, and enflurane was preferentially overretained. Horses maintain excellent pulmonary gas exchange during exhaustive, submaximal exercise. Although VA/Q inequality is greater than at rest, it is less than observed in most mammals and the effect on gas exchange is minimal.

摘要

在短期最大运动期间,马匹的肺气体交换受损,表现为弥散受限和动脉血氧不足,且无明显的通气-灌注(VA/Q)不均。长时间次最大运动期间气体交换是否会逐渐恶化尚未得到研究。六匹纯种马在跑步机上以约最大摄氧量的60%进行运动,直至精疲力竭(28 - 39分钟)。在休息时以及运动期间每隔5分钟获取多项惰性气体、血气、血流动力学、代谢率和通气数据。运动开始后的前5分钟后,摄氧量、心输出量和肺泡-动脉血氧分压差未发生变化。运动期间,肺泡通气量随着潮气量和呼吸频率的增加而逐渐增加,导致动脉血氧分压升高,动脉血二氧化碳分压降低。休息时VA/Q不均最小,灌注分布的对数标准差(log SDQ)= 0.20。运动5分钟时该值翻倍(log SDQ = 0.40),但未进一步增加。运动期间没有肺泡-毛细血管末端弥散受限的证据。然而,在所有时间点都有气相弥散受限的证据,且安氟醚被优先过度潴留。马匹在力竭性次最大运动期间保持良好的肺气体交换。虽然VA/Q不均比休息时更大,但比大多数哺乳动物中观察到的情况要小,且对气体交换的影响最小。

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