Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
Compr Physiol. 2020 Jul 8;10(3):1155-1205. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c180042.
Ventilation-perfusion ( ) matching, the regional matching of the flow of fresh gas to flow of deoxygenated capillary blood, is the most important mechanism affecting the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange. This article discusses the measurement of matching with three broad classes of techniques: (i) those based in gas exchange, such as the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET); (ii) those derived from imaging techniques such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and electrical impedance tomography (EIT); and (iii) fluorescent and radiolabeled microspheres. The focus is on the physiological basis of these techniques that provide quantitative information for research purposes rather than qualitative measurements that are used clinically. The fundamental equations of pulmonary gas exchange are first reviewed to lay the foundation for the gas exchange techniques and some of the imaging applications. The physiological considerations for each of the techniques along with advantages and disadvantages are briefly discussed. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:1155-1205, 2020.
通气-血流（ ）匹配，即新鲜气体流量与脱氧毛细血管血流的区域匹配，是影响肺气体交换效率的最重要机制。本文讨论了三种广泛类别的技术来测量 匹配：（i）基于气体交换的技术，如多惰性气体消除技术（MIGET）；（ii）源自成像技术，如单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）、正电子发射断层扫描（PET）、磁共振成像（MRI）、计算机断层扫描（CT）和电阻抗断层扫描（EIT）；和（iii）荧光和放射性标记微球。重点是这些技术的生理基础，这些技术为研究目的提供定量信息，而不是用于临床的定性测量。首先回顾了肺气体交换的基本方程，为气体交换技术和一些成像应用奠定了基础。简要讨论了每种技术的生理考虑因素以及优缺点。© 2020 美国生理学会。《综合生理学》10:1155-1205,2020。
