Nelson D L, McKinney V M, Gee N R, Janczura G A
Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620-8200, USA.
Psychol Rev. 1998 Apr;105(2):299-324. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.105.2.299.
A model concerning the influence of implicitly activated information on cued recall and recognition is presented. The model assumes that studying a familiar word activates its associates and creates an implicit representation in long-term working memory. Test cues also activate their associates, with memory performance determined by a sampling process that operates on the intersection of information activated by the test cue with information previously activated by the studied word. Successful sampling is enhanced by preexisting connections among the associates of the studied word and by preexisting connections between it and the retrieval cue. However, the usefulness of the implicit representation is reduced by the activation of competing associates and by shifts of attention before testing. Experiments designed to test predictions of the model indicate that the associates of a familiar word can exert a powerful effect on its cued recall and recognition.
本文提出了一个关于内隐激活信息对线索回忆和识别影响的模型。该模型假设，学习一个熟悉的单词会激活其关联词语，并在长期工作记忆中创建一个内隐表征。测试线索也会激活它们的关联词语，记忆表现取决于一个抽样过程，该过程作用于测试线索激活的信息与之前学习的单词激活的信息的交集。学习单词的关联词语之间预先存在的联系以及它与检索线索之间预先存在的联系会增强成功抽样。然而，竞争性关联词语的激活以及测试前注意力的转移会降低内隐表征的有用性。旨在检验该模型预测的实验表明，一个熟悉单词的关联词语会对其线索回忆和识别产生强大影响。
