Nelson D L, Bennett D J, Gee N R, Schreiber T A, McKinney V M
Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1993 Jul;19(4):747-64. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.19.4.747.
Previous findings have indicated that the recall of a recently studied word is affected by how many associates it has in long-term memory (set size). The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether recall is also affected by the connectivity of these associates. Studied words were preselected to represent combinations of set size and connectivity and, in different experiments, recall was cued with extralist or intralist cues and with cues sharing few or many associates with the studied words. Effects of study time, encoding context, and levels of processing were also investigated. The results indicated that recall was more likely for words with smaller associative sets and for words with more interconnected sets of associates. These findings demonstrate that the recall of a recently presented word in the presence of a retrieval cue is affected by both the size and organization of its implicitly activated associative structure.
先前的研究结果表明，对最近学习的单词的回忆会受到其在长期记忆中的关联数量（集合大小）的影响。这些实验的目的是确定回忆是否也会受到这些关联的连通性的影响。预先选择被研究的单词以代表集合大小和连通性的组合，并且在不同的实验中，用列表外或列表内线索以及与被研究单词共享很少或很多关联的线索来提示回忆。还研究了学习时间、编码上下文和加工水平的影响。结果表明，对于具有较小关联集的单词和具有更多相互连接的关联集的单词，回忆的可能性更大。这些发现表明，在存在检索线索的情况下，对最近呈现的单词的回忆会受到其隐式激活的关联结构的大小和组织的影响。
