[Early detection of profound hearing loss in children. Results of screening students in Rhine schools for the deaf and hearing impaired in Cologne].

OBJECTIVE

Early detection and adequate and timely rehabilitation of profound deafness in children is accepted as an important aim of preventive child health care. Ideally, rehabilitation of congenital deafness should not be delayed beyond the age of six months. The present study seeks to determine whether this goal has been achieved in Germany in the 1990s.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The medical charts of 314 profoundly hearing impaired pupils at the schools for the hearing impaired in Cologne, Germany, were reviewed. All available data on the time of first suspicion and the final diagnosis were collected. In addition, the families of these children were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire.

RESULTS

The mean age at first suspicion was 2.1 years, the mean age at the time of final diagnosis was 2.6 years (median: 2.0 years). Breaking down the whole cohort into three subgroups according to the year of birth revealed obvious differences between these subgroups. The final diagnosis for those born from 1974 to 1979 (n = 70) was confirmed in 48.6% at the age of two years, in 46.3% for those born from 1980 to 1985 (n = 121), and in 65.8% for those born from 1986 to 1991 (n = 114) at the age of two. The diagnosis was significantly delayed for children of immigrants (n = 96), where the mean age at diagnosis was 3.7 years as opposed to 2.0 years for the native German population. Of the 314 children, 304 where supplied with hearing aids and five with cochlear implants. Once the audiological diagnosis had been established, no further delay in rehabilitation was noticed.

CONCLUSION

Although highly sensitive, cost effective, and non-invasive screening methods (transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response audiometry) for the early detection of profound inborn hearing impairment are now available, the current state of early identification of these disorders is inadequate. The reason for this is the lack of a universal and nationwide neonatal screening program. The results of this study indicate that the pure availability of sophisticated screening methods is insufficient if they are not included in a universal screening program.