Wildermuth S, Zimmermann G G, Debatin J F
Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie, Universitätsspital Zürich.
Radiologe. 1998 Mar;38(3):210-7. doi: 10.1007/s001170050344.
The flow sensitivity inherent to the MR experiment allows for the non-invasive assessment of both the arterial and venous vasculature in any desired plane with good spatial resolution. Data can be acquired in a three-dimensional form, permitting reformating in any plane. In addition, MRI is capable of providing quantitative blood flow information with the use of phase-contrast flow-mapping techniques. Ultrafast gradient echo and echoplanar data acquisition strategies even permit imaging in near-real time. The availability of open MRI configurations now permits one to take advantage of the unique imaging features inherent to MR imaging for the purpose of guidance and control of various intravascular procedures. With the recent development of the MR tracking and MR profiling techniques, permitting visualization of guide-wires and catheters relative to their surroundings in the MR environment in real time, one of the last obstacles to 'Interventional MR angiography' has in effect been overcome. In addition, MR catheters can be modified to acquire high-resolution MR images of the vascular wall, thereby opening vast possibilities regarding characterization of atherosclerotic plaques. This review introduces the underlying techniques for catheter and guide-wire visualization in the MR environment, describes preliminary interventions in animals and humans and discusses the potential of intravascular MRI.
磁共振实验固有的血流敏感性能够在任何所需平面以良好的空间分辨率对动脉和静脉血管系统进行非侵入性评估。数据可以三维形式采集，允许在任何平面进行重新格式化。此外，磁共振成像能够通过使用相位对比血流映射技术提供定量血流信息。超快梯度回波和回波平面数据采集策略甚至允许近实时成像。开放式磁共振成像配置的出现现在使人们能够利用磁共振成像固有的独特成像特征，用于指导和控制各种血管内手术。随着磁共振跟踪和磁共振轮廓分析技术的最新发展，能够实时在磁共振环境中可视化导丝和导管相对于其周围环境的情况，“介入性磁共振血管造影”的最后一个障碍实际上已经被克服。此外，可以对磁共振导管进行改进，以获取血管壁的高分辨率磁共振图像，从而为动脉粥样硬化斑块的特征描述开辟了广阔的可能性。本综述介绍了在磁共振环境中导管和导丝可视化的基础技术，描述了在动物和人体中的初步干预，并讨论了血管内磁共振成像的潜力。
