Erkkilä A T, Sarkkinen E S, Koukkunen H, Kemppainen A, Lehto S, Pyörälä K, Uusitupa M I
Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Finland.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Apr;52(4):279-85. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600549.
The aim was to examine the concordance of diet with the recommended cholesterol lowering diet in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) patients receiving usual care.
CHD patients were selected for a survey from hospital records at least six months after hospitalization. Four patient groups divided according to the severity of disease were examined in cross-sectional setting. Food records and fatty acid composition of serum lipids were used to assess dietary intake.
The study population consisted of 109 patients with coronary bypass grafting, 106 patients with balloon angioplasty, 101 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 99 patients with acute myocardial ischemia.
Concordance of the diet with the cholesterol lowering diet was similar in the patient groups. One third of the patients achieved the recommended fat intake and only one fourth achieved the recommended saturated fat intake. Concordance was better in the patients who also used lipid lowering drugs, but previous myocardial infarction did not affect dietary intake of fat and saturated fat. Diabetic or obese patients tended to have a higher intake of saturated fat. Myristic acid in cholesterol esters, triglycerides and phospholipids and also palmitic and linoleic acids in triglycerides were markers of dietary saturated fat intake.
Concordance of the diet with the recommended cholesterol lowering diet in CHD patients was moderate. Concordance was not affected by disease severity or previous myocardial infarction and was slightly worse in CHD patients who had diabetes or were obese or did not use lipid lowering drugs.
旨在研究接受常规治疗的冠心病（CHD）患者的饮食与推荐的降胆固醇饮食之间的一致性。
从住院至少六个月后的医院记录中选取CHD患者进行调查。在横断面研究中对根据疾病严重程度划分的四组患者进行检查。使用食物记录和血清脂质的脂肪酸组成来评估饮食摄入量。
研究人群包括109例行冠状动脉搭桥术的患者、106例行球囊血管成形术的患者、101例急性心肌梗死患者和99例急性心肌缺血患者。
各患者组的饮食与降胆固醇饮食的一致性相似。三分之一的患者达到了推荐的脂肪摄入量，只有四分之一的患者达到了推荐的饱和脂肪摄入量。同时使用降脂药物的患者一致性更好，但既往心肌梗死不影响脂肪和饱和脂肪的饮食摄入量。糖尿病或肥胖患者的饱和脂肪摄入量往往较高。胆固醇酯、甘油三酯和磷脂中的肉豆蔻酸以及甘油三酯中的棕榈酸和亚油酸是饮食中饱和脂肪摄入量的标志物。
CHD患者的饮食与推荐的降胆固醇饮食之间的一致性为中等。一致性不受疾病严重程度或既往心肌梗死的影响，在患有糖尿病、肥胖或未使用降脂药物的CHD患者中一致性略差。
