Gentil Paulo, Viana Ricardo Borges, Naves João Pedro, Del Vecchio Fabrício Boscolo, Coswig Victor, Loenneke Jeremy, de Lira Claudio André Barbosa
College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil.
School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, Brazil.
Biology (Basel). 2020 Apr 2;9(4):70. doi: 10.3390/biology9040070.
Strategies aiming to promote weight loss usually include anything that results in an increase in energy expenditure (exercise) or a decrease in energy intake (diet). However, the probability of losing weight is low and the probability of sustained weight loss is even lower. Herein, we bring some questions and suggestions about the topic, with a focus on exercise interventions. Based on the current evidence, we should look at how metabolism changes in response to interventions instead of counting calories, so we can choose more efficient models that can account for the complexity of human organisms. In this regard, high-intensity training might be particularly interesting as a strategy to promote fat loss since it seems to promote many physiological changes that might favor long-term weight loss. However, it is important to recognize the controversy of the results regarding interval training (IT), which might be explained by the large variations in its application. For this reason, we have to be more judicious about how exercise is planned and performed and some factors, like supervision, might be important for the results. The intensity of exercise seems to modulate not only how many calories are expended after exercise, but also where they came from. Instead of only estimating the number of calories ingested and expended, it seems that we have to act positively in order to create an adequate environment for promoting healthy and sustainable weight loss.
旨在促进体重减轻的策略通常包括任何能导致能量消耗增加（运动）或能量摄入减少（饮食）的方法。然而，减肥的概率很低，持续减肥的概率甚至更低。在此，我们提出一些关于该主题的问题和建议，重点关注运动干预。基于目前的证据，我们应该关注新陈代谢如何响应干预而变化，而不是计算卡路里，这样我们就能选择更有效的模式，这些模式能够考虑到人体的复杂性。在这方面，高强度训练作为促进脂肪减少的策略可能特别值得关注，因为它似乎能促进许多可能有利于长期减肥的生理变化。然而，认识到关于间歇训练（IT）结果的争议很重要，这可能是由其应用中的巨大差异所解释的。因此，我们必须更加明智地规划和进行运动，并且一些因素，比如监督，可能对结果很重要。运动强度似乎不仅能调节运动后消耗的卡路里数量，还能调节这些卡路里的来源。似乎我们不能仅仅估计摄入和消耗的卡路里数量，而必须积极行动，为促进健康和可持续的体重减轻创造一个合适的环境。
