Borja-Aburto V H, Muñoz S R, Bustamante-Montes P
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México, Cuernavaca, México.
Rev Invest Clin. 1997 Nov-Dec;49(6):481-9.
The aim of this paper is to present a conceptual and practical framework of the case-control design in medical research. To illustrate this method, practical examples directed to clinicians and other health professionals interested in medical research are presented. The case-control method is very versatile and allows for multiple applications. Guidelines for the selection of cases and controls, and some considerations on sample size are presented. In the statistical analysis we use concrete examples of how to estimate odds ratios, confidence intervals, and methods to control for potential confounders, from stratified analysis to logistic regression.
本文旨在介绍医学研究中病例对照设计的概念性和实用性框架。为说明该方法，本文给出了针对临床医生和其他对医学研究感兴趣的卫生专业人员的实际例子。病例对照方法用途广泛，可用于多种应用场景。文中给出了病例和对照的选择指南以及关于样本量的一些考量因素。在统计分析部分，我们通过具体例子展示如何估计比值比、置信区间，以及介绍从分层分析到逻辑回归等控制潜在混杂因素的方法。
