Gilbert C B, Gross M T, Klug K B
TravCorps, Malden, MA, USA.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998 May;27(5):339-47. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1998.27.5.339.
Functional turnout for each of the five classical ballet positions involves lower extremity motion that occurs primarily through hip external rotation. Ballet dancers often attempt to increase turnout angle through excessive motions at the foot or knee that may be associated with the development of musculoskeletal pathology. The purpose of this study was to further the understanding of turnout by identifying the relationship between available hip external rotation an functional turnout for the five classical ballet positions. Subjects were 20 female ballet dancers between the ages of 11 and 14. The investigators measured hip external rotation as the sum of passive external rotation available at both hips of each subject. Functional turnout angle was measured for each subject as the subject stood in each of the five classical ballet positions. A repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference test indicated that hip external rotation was significantly less than functional turnout for the five classical ballet positions. No significant differences in functional turnout angle were present among the five ballet functional turnout angle for each of the five ballet positions. Hip external rotation should not be used to predict functional turnout for the five classical ballet positions. Turnout in first position may be useful as guide for functional turnout for the crossed foot positions: third, fourth, and fifth.
五个古典芭蕾舞姿势中每个姿势的功能性外开都涉及下肢运动，主要通过髋关节外旋实现。芭蕾舞舞者常常试图通过足部或膝盖的过度动作来增加外开角度，而这些动作可能与肌肉骨骼病变的发展有关。本研究的目的是通过确定五个古典芭蕾舞姿势中髋关节可用外旋与功能性外开之间的关系，进一步加深对外开的理解。研究对象为20名年龄在11至14岁之间的女性芭蕾舞舞者。研究人员测量了髋关节外旋，即每个受试者双髋被动外旋的总和。当受试者站在五个古典芭蕾舞姿势中的每个姿势时，测量每个受试者的功能性外开角度。重复测量方差分析和Tukey真实显著差异检验表明，五个古典芭蕾舞姿势的髋关节外旋明显小于功能性外开。五个芭蕾舞姿势的功能性外开角度之间没有显著差异。髋关节外旋不应被用于预测五个古典芭蕾舞姿势的功能性外开。一位姿势的外开可能有助于指导交叉脚姿势（第三位、第四位和第五位）的功能性外开。
