Mattei R, Dias R F, Espínola E B, Carlini E A, Barros S B
Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de Saõ Paulo, Brazil.
J Ethnopharmacol. 1998 Mar;60(2):111-6. doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(97)00141-4.
The effects on toxic and behavioral levels of guarana (Paullinia cupana) were assessed in rats and mice subsequent to acute and chronic administrations and were compared to those produced by Ginseng (Panax ginseng). Experimental parameters included tests for antioxidant capacity in vitro and measured in vivo, toxicological screening, progress in weight, motor activity, death rate, and histopathological examination of the viscera. Guarana showed an antioxidant effect because, even at low concentrations (1.2 microg/ml), it inhibited the process of lipid peroxidation. In high doses of 1000-2000 mg/kg (i.p. and p.o.) it did not induce significant alterations in parameters for toxicological screening. No effects on motor activity were observed, neither did guarana alter the hypnotic effect of pentobarbital. Ginseng (250-1000 mg/kg i.p.), however, elicited reductions in motor activity, eyelid ptosis and bristling fur. Consumption of liquids containing guarana or ginseng and progress in weight of the animals remained at levels similar to the controls, even after prolonged administration. The percentage mortality was equivalent in control and in treated groups. The absence of toxicity of guarana was also demonstrated by histopathological examination, with no alteration being detected in heart, lungs, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, pancreas, kidneys, bladder and spleen.
在大鼠和小鼠身上评估了瓜拉那（巴西香可可）急性和慢性给药后对毒性和行为水平的影响，并与人参（人参属）产生的影响进行了比较。实验参数包括体外抗氧化能力测试和体内测量、毒理学筛查、体重变化、运动活性、死亡率以及内脏的组织病理学检查。瓜拉那显示出抗氧化作用，因为即使在低浓度（1.2微克/毫升）下，它也能抑制脂质过氧化过程。高剂量1000 - 2000毫克/千克（腹腔注射和口服）时，它在毒理学筛查参数上未引起显著改变。未观察到对运动活性的影响，瓜拉那也未改变戊巴比妥的催眠作用。然而，人参（250 - 1000毫克/千克腹腔注射）会导致运动活性降低、眼睑下垂和毛发竖起。即使长期给药后，饮用含瓜拉那或人参的液体以及动物体重变化仍与对照组相似。对照组和治疗组的死亡率百分比相当。瓜拉那无毒性也通过组织病理学检查得到证实，在心脏、肺、胃、小肠和大肠、肝脏、胰腺、肾脏、膀胱和脾脏中未检测到改变。
