Life and value orientations of Turkish university students.

This study investigated the value orientations of optimists and pessimists and the value structures of each group. The Life Orientation Test and the Rokeach Value Survey were administered to 285 university students in Ankara, Turkey. Results indicated that there were differences in the value orientations of optimists and pessimists. The examination of value structures of optimists and pessimists revealed that optimists were likely to give priority to self-expansion, while pessimists tended toward self-restriction.