Friedland J
Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Am J Occup Ther. 1998 May;52(5):373-80. doi: 10.5014/ajot.52.5.373.
This article argues that although occupational therapy and rehabilitation are often considered synonymous, the latter is but one aspect of the former. Early influences on occupational therapy are briefly reviewed, and some philosophical ideas about activity are described. The rationale for the use of occupations as treatment in the early part of this century, both in Canada and in the United States, is examined and contrasted with the development of physical medicine and rehabilitation after World War II. This discussion demonstrates that the origins of occupational therapy and rehabilitation in North America had little in common. As occupational therapy became incorporated into rehabilitation, the profession's core values eroded, and although current definitions of rehabilitation offer a more appropriate fit for occupational therapy, rehabilitation continues to see engagement in occupations as a separate and subsequent step. The article concludes by considering future directions and the tasks that lie ahead.
本文认为，尽管职业治疗与康复常常被视为同义词，但康复只是职业治疗的一个方面。本文简要回顾了早期对职业治疗的影响，并描述了一些关于活动的哲学理念。本文考察了在本世纪初加拿大和美国将职业作为治疗手段的基本原理，并将其与二战后物理医学与康复的发展进行了对比。这一讨论表明，北美职业治疗与康复的起源几乎没有共同之处。随着职业治疗被纳入康复领域，该专业的核心价值观受到侵蚀，尽管目前对康复的定义更适合职业治疗，但康复仍将参与职业活动视为一个单独的后续步骤。本文最后考虑了未来的方向和面临的任务。
