Phosphorylation regulates the delivery of MHC class II invariant chain complexes to antigen processing compartments.

Transport of newly synthesized MHC class II glycoproteins to endosomal Ag processing compartments is mediated by their association with the invariant chain (Ii). Targeting to these compartments is dependent upon recognition of leucine-based endo. somal/lysosomal targeting motifs in the Ii cytosolic domain. Ii, like many molecules that contain leucine-based endosomal targeting motifs, is phosphorylated in vivo. In this report we demonstrate that the cytosolic domain of the p35 Ii isoform is phosphorylated in class II Ii complexes isolated from human B lymphoblastoid cell lines or freshly obtained PBMC. Mutation of serine residue 6 or 8 prevents phosphorylation of Ii-p35 expressed in HeLa cells. Treatment of B lymphoblastoid cell lines with the serine/threonine kinase inhibitor staurosporine prevented Ii phosphorylation and significantly delayed trafficking of newly synthesized class II Ii complexes to endosomal Ag processing compartments. By contrast, staurosporine had no effect on the rate of transport of class I or class II glycoproteins through the Golgi apparatus and did not inhibit the delivery of the chimeric molecule Tac-DM, to endocytic compartments, suggesting that staurosporine does not nonspecifically inhibit protein transport to the endocytic pathway. These results demonstrate that phosphorylation regulates the efficient targeting of MHC class II Ii complexes to Ag processing compartments and strongly suggest that this effect is mediated by phosphorylation of the MHC class II-associated Ii chain.