Bendersky M, Lewis M
Institute for the Study of Child Development, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0019, USA.
Dev Psychol. 1998 May;34(3):555-64.
The ability to modulate arousal is a critical skill with wide-ranging implications for development. In this study, the authors examined arousal regulation as a function of levels of prenatal cocaine exposure in 107 infants at 4 months of age using a "still-face" procedure. Facial expressions were coded. A greater percentage of heavily cocaine-exposed infants, compared with those who were unexposed to cocaine, showed less enjoyment during en face play with their mothers and continued to show negative expressions during the resumption of play following a period when the interaction was interrupted. This finding was independent of other substance exposure, neonatal medical condition, environmental risk, maternal contingent responsivity, and concurrent maternal sensitivity and vocalizations.
调节唤醒的能力是一项关键技能,对发育有着广泛的影响。在本研究中,作者使用“静止脸”程序,研究了107名4个月大婴儿的唤醒调节与产前可卡因暴露水平之间的关系。对面部表情进行了编码。与未接触可卡因的婴儿相比,接触大量可卡因的婴儿中有更大比例在与母亲面对面互动玩耍时表现出较少的愉悦,并且在互动中断一段时间后重新开始玩耍时仍表现出负面表情。这一发现与其他物质暴露、新生儿健康状况、环境风险、母亲的应急反应以及同时存在的母亲敏感性和发声无关。