Eiden Rina D, Godleski Stephanie, Schuetze Pamela, Colder Craig R
Research Institute on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
Research Institute on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2015 Sep;137:12-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2015.02.007. Epub 2015 Apr 24.
A conceptual model of the association between prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) and child self-regulation via maternal harshness and language development was examined. Specifically, the model tested whether PCE was associated with self-regulation either directly or indirectly via high maternal harshness and poor language development. The role of child sex, autonomic reactivity, and cumulative environmental risk as potential moderators was also explored. The sample was 216 mother-child dyads recruited at birth and assessed at 2, 7, 13, 24, 36, and 48 months of child ages. Participating mothers were primarily African American (72%). Results indicated a significant indirect association between PCE and child effortful control at 36 months via higher maternal harshness. Autonomic reactivity moderated the association between maternal harshness and self-regulation such that among children with poor autonomic reactivity, high maternal harshness was associated with lower conscience at 3 years. Child sex and environmental risk did not moderate the association between PCE and self-regulation. Thus, the quality of caregiving experience played a significant role in the development of self-regulation among PCE children, especially those at higher autonomic risk. In particular, PCE children who also exhibit poor autonomic reactivity may be particularly susceptible to environmental influences such as parenting.
研究了产前可卡因暴露（PCE）与儿童自我调节之间通过母亲严厉和语言发展建立的关联的概念模型。具体而言，该模型测试了PCE是否直接或通过母亲的高度严厉和不良语言发展间接与自我调节相关。还探讨了儿童性别、自主反应性和累积环境风险作为潜在调节因素的作用。样本包括216对母婴二元组，在孩子出生时招募，并在孩子2、7、13、24、36和48个月大时进行评估。参与研究的母亲主要是非裔美国人（72%）。结果表明，在36个月时，PCE通过更高的母亲严厉程度与儿童的努力控制之间存在显著的间接关联。自主反应性调节了母亲严厉与自我调节之间的关联，即在自主反应性较差的儿童中，母亲的高度严厉与3岁时较低的良知相关。儿童性别和环境风险并未调节PCE与自我调节之间的关联。因此，养育经历的质量在PCE儿童的自我调节发展中起着重要作用，尤其是那些自主风险较高的儿童。特别是，那些自主反应性也较差的PCE儿童可能特别容易受到养育等环境影响。
