Brussaard J H, Löwik M R, van den Berg H, Brants H A, Goldbohm R A
TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1997 Nov;51 Suppl 3:S46-50.
To assess the adequacy of folate intake and status among adults in the Netherlands.
Dietary intake was measured by 3 d diet records among 444 adults, aged 20-79 y, stratified for sex and 10 y age classes, with an overrepresentation of people with a low habitual intake of vitamin B6. Serum folate and other physical, biochemical and lifestyle characteristics were determined, and interrelationships were evaluated by bi- and multivariate regression analysis.
Mean folate intake was 325 and 308 microg/d in men aged 20-49 and 50-79 y, respectively. In both younger and older women mean folate intake was 270 microg/d. The prevalence of intakes below the lower limit of the recommended range (200-300 microg/d) was 10-20% among different age-gender groups. No intakes below the average minimum requirement of 100 microg/d were observed. The recommendation of 400 microg folate/d for women who wish to become pregnant was not met by 95% of the women aged 20-49 y. Potatoes, vegetables and fruit provided 36% of folate in the diet; other important sources were bread (18%) and dairy products (16%). Mean serum folate levels were 11.3 and 12.1 nmol/l in younger and older men, respectively. In younger and older women these levels were 12.2 and 14.2 nmol/l, respectively. Serum folate levels below 5 nmol/l (the 2.5 percentile of healthy blood donors) were present in 4% of the older men, but not in the other age-gender-groups. Serum folate levels were clearly influenced by recent folate intake. Furthermore, physiological and lifestyle variables, notably alcohol and tobacco use, were important determinants of serum folate.
The folate intake among adult men and women was adequate in view of recommended daily intakes. However, the folate intake among women did not meet the recommendation for those who want to become pregnant. According to criteria derived from homocysteine metabolism as related to cardiovascular disease, folate status may not be adequate in 60-79% of adult age-sex groups.
评估荷兰成年人叶酸摄入情况及状态。
通过3天饮食记录对444名年龄在20 - 79岁的成年人进行膳食摄入量测量，按性别和10岁年龄组分层，其中维生素B6习惯性摄入量低的人群占比过高。测定血清叶酸及其他身体、生化和生活方式特征，并通过双变量和多变量回归分析评估相互关系。
20 - 49岁男性的平均叶酸摄入量分别为325和308微克/天，50 - 79岁男性的平均叶酸摄入量分别为325和308微克/天。年轻和年长女性的平均叶酸摄入量均为270微克/天。不同年龄 - 性别组中，摄入量低于推荐范围下限（200 - 300微克/天）的患病率为10% - 20%。未观察到摄入量低于平均最低需求量100微克/天的情况。95%的20 - 49岁女性未达到希望怀孕女性每天400微克叶酸的推荐量。土豆、蔬菜和水果提供了膳食中36%的叶酸；其他重要来源是面包（18%）和乳制品（16%）。年轻男性和年长男性的平均血清叶酸水平分别为11.3和12.1纳摩尔/升。年轻女性和年长女性的这些水平分别为12.2和14.2纳摩尔/升。4%的年长男性血清叶酸水平低于5纳摩尔/升（健康献血者的第2.5百分位数），但其他年龄 - 性别组未出现这种情况。血清叶酸水平明显受近期叶酸摄入量影响。此外，生理和生活方式变量，尤其是饮酒和吸烟，是血清叶酸的重要决定因素。
鉴于推荐的每日摄入量，成年男性和女性的叶酸摄入量充足。然而，女性的叶酸摄入量未达到对希望怀孕女性的推荐量。根据与心血管疾病相关的同型半胱氨酸代谢得出的标准，60 - 79%的成年年龄 - 性别组的叶酸状态可能不充足。
