Cooper M L, Shaver P R, Collins N L
Department of Psychology, University of Missouri--Columbia 65211, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 May;74(5):1380-97. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.74.5.1380.
Attachment style differences in psychological symptomatology, self-concept, and risky or problem behaviors were examined in a community sample (N = 1,989) of Black and White adolescents, 13 to 19 years old. Overall, secure adolescents were the best-adjusted group, though not necessarily the least likely to engage in risky behaviors. Anxious adolescents were the worst-adjusted group, reporting the poorest self-concepts and the highest levels of symptomatology and risk behaviors. In contrast, avoidant adolescents reported generally high levels of symptomatology and poor self-concepts but similar levels of risk behaviors to those found among secures. Mediation analyses suggested that the observed differences in problem behaviors were at least partially accounted for by the differential experience of distress symptoms (primarily hostility and depression) and by social competence. Finally, patterns of attachment effects were similar across age, gender, and racial groups, with some important exceptions.
对13至19岁的黑人和白人青少年组成的社区样本（N = 1989），研究了心理症状、自我概念以及危险或问题行为方面的依恋风格差异。总体而言，安全型青少年是适应最好的群体，不过不一定是参与危险行为可能性最低的群体。焦虑型青少年是适应最差的群体，他们报告的自我概念最差，症状和危险行为水平最高。相比之下，回避型青少年报告的症状水平普遍较高，自我概念较差，但危险行为水平与安全型青少年相似。中介分析表明，观察到的问题行为差异至少部分可由痛苦症状（主要是敌意和抑郁）的不同体验以及社交能力来解释。最后，依恋效应模式在年龄、性别和种族群体中相似，但有一些重要例外。
