Department of Social and education Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
PLoS One. 2024 Mar 20;19(3):e0298084. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298084. eCollection 2024.
Despite growing evidence supporting the importance of the quality of attachment during adolescence, no studies have been conducted to date in the Arab world due to an absence of valid and reliable tools to measure this construct in Arabic. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised (IPPA-R) was devised as a self-report questionnaire in English to assess the quality of adolescent attachment to mother, father, and peers, each scale consisting of 25 items. The current study sets out to determine the psychometric properties of the Arabic IPPA-R and to explore attachment styles in Lebanon in a sample of 765 Lebanese adolescents. Results suggested a modified three-factor structure to reach satisfactory reliability of the Arabic IPPA-R, resulting in a modified questionnaire consisting of 19 items for each of mother (α = .82) and father (α = .85), and 21 items for peers (α = .89). Strict measurement invariance across gender was achieved for the IPPA-R parental forms, while only scalar invariance was achieved for the IPPA-R peers form. Overall, there were significant differences in attachment scores to mother and father, with adolescents scoring higher on attachment to mother, with both scores being significantly lower than attachment to peers. Gender differences were found on the peer scale with girls scoring significantly higher than boys. Results are interpreted from a cultural lens, emphasizing the importance of accounting for cultural, religious, and socio-economic factors in understanding adolescent attachment. This study is the first conducted in the Arab region and provides a road map to understanding gender-roles, parental expectations and adolescent perceived parenting, and their impact on adolescent attachment scores.
尽管越来越多的证据表明青少年时期依恋质量的重要性，但由于缺乏阿拉伯语中测量这一结构的有效和可靠工具，迄今为止，阿拉伯世界还没有进行过相关研究。《父母与同伴依恋量表修订版》（IPPA-R）是一种英文自评问卷，用于评估青少年对母亲、父亲和同伴的依恋质量，每个量表由 25 个项目组成。本研究旨在确定阿拉伯语 IPPA-R 的心理测量特性，并在黎巴嫩的 765 名青少年样本中探索依恋风格。研究结果表明，采用修正后的三因素结构可以达到阿拉伯语 IPPA-R 的可接受信度，从而形成一个由 19 个项目组成的修正问卷，用于母亲（α=0.82）和父亲（α=0.85），以及 21 个项目用于同伴（α=0.89）。在 IPPA-R 的父母形式中，严格的性别测量不变性得以实现，而在 IPPA-R 的同伴形式中仅实现了标量不变性。总的来说，青少年对母亲和父亲的依恋得分存在显著差异，对母亲的依恋得分较高，且两者都显著低于对同伴的依恋得分。在同伴量表上发现了性别差异，女孩的得分明显高于男孩。研究结果从文化视角进行解读，强调在理解青少年依恋时，必须考虑文化、宗教和社会经济因素的重要性。本研究是在阿拉伯地区进行的首次研究，为理解性别角色、父母期望和青少年感知的养育方式及其对青少年依恋得分的影响提供了路线图。
