Stokes W S, Marafante E
Environmental Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Apr;106 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):405-12. doi: 10.1289/ehp.98106405.
A workshop on alternative toxicological testing methodologies was convened by the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC) 26-31 January 1997 in Ispra, Italy, at the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods. The purpose of the workshop was to assess the current status of alternative testing methodologies available to evaluate adverse human health and environmental effects of chemicals. Another objective of the workshop was to identify and recommend research needed to fill knowledge gaps that would lead to new test methodologies. Four work groups were established to address conceptual issues, acute toxicity, organ toxicity, and ecotoxicology. A joint workshop report was prepared for each topic and included recommendations for the development and use of alternative methods. Participants concluded that alternative methods and approaches are available that can be incorporated into tiered strategies for toxicological assessments. Use of these methods will reduce the numbers of animals required, and in some instances reduce animal pain and distress. It was recommended that future efforts to develop test methods should emphasize mechanism-based methods that can provide improved predictions of toxicity. Continued international cooperation was encouraged to facilitate future progress in the development of alternative toxicological testing methods. These methods will provide for improvements in human health protection, environmental protection, and animal welfare.
1997年1月26日至31日,化学品安全评价方法科学小组(SGOMSEC)在意大利伊斯普拉的欧洲替代方法验证中心召开了一次关于替代毒理学测试方法的研讨会。该研讨会的目的是评估现有替代测试方法的现状,以评估化学品对人类健康和环境的不良影响。研讨会的另一个目标是确定并推荐为填补知识空白所需开展的研究,这些知识空白将催生新的测试方法。为此设立了四个工作组,分别处理概念问题、急性毒性、器官毒性和生态毒理学。针对每个主题编写了一份联合研讨会报告,其中包括关于替代方法开发和使用的建议。与会者得出结论,现有替代方法和途径可纳入毒理学评估的分层策略。使用这些方法将减少所需动物数量,在某些情况下还可减轻动物的疼痛和痛苦。建议未来开发测试方法的工作应侧重于基于机制的方法,这些方法能够更好地预测毒性。鼓励继续开展国际合作,以推动替代毒理学测试方法未来的发展。这些方法将有助于改善人类健康保护、环境保护和动物福利。