Lang T, Augat P, Majumdar S, Ouyang X, Genant H K
Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-1250, USA.
Bone. 1998 May;22(5 Suppl):149S-153S. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(98)00005-2.
For several reasons, including low cost and radiation dose, simplicity, and the ability to image several skeletal sites, dual X-ray absoptiometry (DXA) is the most widely employed technique for diagnostic and serial assessment of integral bone mass in osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. However, three-dimensional imaging modalities such as quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging offer the ability to separately examine different factors that may play independent and important roles in osteoporosis. These factors include the density of the trabecular and cortical compartments as well as the pattern of trabecular microarchitecture. New developments in QCT include volumetric approaches for precise compartmental assessment of the spine and proximal femur as well as thin-slice tomography of the vertebral body for assessment of trabecular texture. In addition, ultrahigh resolution CT scanners (spatial resolution ë50-150(i)i) have been developed for imaging of trabecular structure in specimens and in some cases for the peripheral skeleton (distal radius and phalanges). High resolution MR measurements may be employed for assessment of the trabecular texture at a range of peripheral sites, including the calcaneus, distal radius, and phalanges.
由于多种原因，包括成本低、辐射剂量低、操作简单以及能够对多个骨骼部位进行成像，双能X线吸收法（DXA）是骨质疏松症和其他代谢性骨病中用于整体骨量诊断和连续评估的最广泛使用的技术。然而，诸如定量计算机断层扫描（QCT）和磁共振（MR）成像等三维成像方式能够分别检查在骨质疏松症中可能发挥独立且重要作用的不同因素。这些因素包括小梁和皮质骨区域的密度以及小梁微结构模式。QCT的新进展包括用于精确评估脊柱和股骨近端区域的容积法以及用于评估小梁纹理的椎体薄层断层扫描。此外，已经开发出超高分辨率CT扫描仪（空间分辨率为50 - 150μm）用于对标本中的小梁结构进行成像，在某些情况下也用于外周骨骼（桡骨远端和指骨）成像。高分辨率MR测量可用于评估一系列外周部位的小梁纹理，包括跟骨、桡骨远端和指骨。
