Cavelaars A E, Kunst A E, Geurts J J, Helmert U, Lundberg O, Mielck A, Matheson J, Mizrahi A, Mizrahi A, Rasmussen N, Spuhler T, Mackenbach J P
Department of Public Health, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Int J Epidemiol. 1998 Apr;27(2):222-30. doi: 10.1093/ije/27.2.222.
This paper describes morbidity differences according to occupational class among men from France, Switzerland, (West) Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Denmark, and Sweden.
Data were obtained from national health interview surveys or similar surveys between 1986 and 1992. Four morbidity indicators were included. For each country, individual-level data on occupation were recorded according to one standard occupational class scheme: the Erikson-Goldthorpe social class scheme. To describe the pattern of morbidity by occupational class, odds ratios (OR) were calculated for each class using the average of the population as a reference. The size of morbidity differences was summarized by the OR of two broad hierarchical classes. All OR were age-adjusted.
For all countries, a lower than average prevalence of morbidity was found for higher and lower administrators and professionals as well as for routine nonmanual workers, whereas a higher than average prevalence was found for skilled and unskilled manual workers and agricultural workers. Self-employed men were in general healthier than the average population. The relative health of farmers differed between countries. The morbidity difference between manual workers and the class of administrators and professionals was approximately equally large in all countries. Consistently larger inequality estimates, with no or slightly overlapping confidence intervals, were only found for Sweden in comparison with Germany.
Thanks to the use of a common social class scheme in each country, a high degree of comparability was achieved. The results suggest that morbidity differences according to occupational class among men are very similar between different European countries.
本文描述了来自法国、瑞士、（西）德国、英国、荷兰、丹麦和瑞典的男性在职业阶层方面的发病率差异。
数据取自1986年至1992年期间的全国健康访谈调查或类似调查。纳入了四个发病率指标。对于每个国家，根据一种标准职业阶层方案（埃里克森 - 戈德索普社会阶层方案）记录个人层面的职业数据。为了描述按职业阶层划分的发病模式，以总人口的平均值为参照，计算每个阶层的比值比（OR）。发病率差异的大小通过两个广泛分层阶层的OR来概括。所有OR均进行了年龄调整。
在所有国家中，高级和低级管理人员及专业人员以及常规非体力劳动者的发病率低于平均水平，而熟练和非熟练体力劳动者以及农业劳动者的发病率高于平均水平。个体经营者总体上比普通人群更健康。各国农民的相对健康状况有所不同。体力劳动者与管理人员和专业人员阶层之间的发病率差异在所有国家大致相同。与德国相比，仅在瑞典发现了持续更大的不平等估计值，且置信区间无重叠或略有重叠。
由于在每个国家使用了共同的社会阶层方案，实现了高度的可比性。结果表明，不同欧洲国家男性在职业阶层方面的发病率差异非常相似。
