Feeley T W, Skillman J J
Urol Clin North Am. 1976 Jun;3(2):239-54.
Morbidity and mortality from pulmonary complications following urinary tract operations can be reduced by preoperative identification of the high risk patient. Pulmonary function tests and arterial blood gases are necessary to identify these patients and to delineate the severity of their pulmonary disease. Respiratory complications can be prevented in many patients with the proper use of pre- and postoperative chest physical therapy and oxygen therapy. Despite the most careful pulmonary management, some patients develop acute respiratory failure following urologic operations. Respiratory failure results from a combination of physiologic abnormalities which impair alveolar ventilation and oxygenation. Utilizing controlled ventilation, supplemental oxygen, and a physiologic approach to treating the underlying cause of respiratory failure, three fourths of urologic patients in respiratory failure may be expected to survive.
通过术前识别高危患者，可降低尿路手术后肺部并发症的发病率和死亡率。肺功能测试和动脉血气分析对于识别这些患者以及确定其肺部疾病的严重程度是必要的。通过正确使用术前和术后胸部物理治疗及氧疗，许多患者的呼吸并发症可以得到预防。尽管进行了最精心的肺部管理，仍有一些患者在泌尿外科手术后发生急性呼吸衰竭。呼吸衰竭是由损害肺泡通气和氧合的生理异常共同作用导致的。利用控制通气、补充氧气以及采用生理方法治疗呼吸衰竭的根本原因，预计四分之三呼吸衰竭的泌尿外科患者能够存活。
