Choi W S, Patten C A, Gillin J C, Kaplan R M, Pierce J P
University of California, San Diego 92093-0901, USA.
Ann Behav Med. 1997 Winter;19(1):42-50. doi: 10.1007/BF02883426.
To examine whether adolescent cigarette smoking predicts the development of depressive symptoms, we used a longitudinal follow-up survey of 6,863 adolescents ages 12 to 18 in the U.S. who did not report notable depressive symptoms at baseline. This study used a self-report measure of six depressive symptoms experienced within the past twelve months at follow-up as the outcome of interest. Results indicated that 11.5% developed notable depressive symptoms at follow-up. There were marked gender differences with 15.3% of girls developing notable depressive symptoms compared to 8.1% of boys. Gender differences in depressive symptoms were consistent across all age groups and were apparent by the age of twelve. For both genders, smoking status was the most significant predictor of developing notable depressive symptoms. Several other risk factors including involvement in organized athletics, availability of social support, and personality characteristics were also found to be associated with development of depressive symptoms. Adolescent cigarette smoking may have marked health consequences in terms of depressive symptoms. The reduction of cigarette smoking among adolescents should be a focus of depression prevention interventions. In addition, the development of gender-specific components of prevention interventions may be warranted.
为了研究青少年吸烟是否会导致抑郁症状的出现，我们对6863名年龄在12至18岁之间、基线时未报告有明显抑郁症状的美国青少年进行了一项纵向跟踪调查。本研究采用自我报告法，将随访时过去十二个月内经历的六种抑郁症状作为感兴趣的结果。结果表明，11.5%的青少年在随访时出现了明显的抑郁症状。存在显著的性别差异，15.3%的女孩出现了明显的抑郁症状，而男孩的这一比例为8.1%。抑郁症状的性别差异在所有年龄组中都一致，并且在12岁时就很明显。对于男女两性来说，吸烟状况都是出现明显抑郁症状的最显著预测因素。还发现其他几个风险因素，包括参与有组织的体育活动、获得社会支持的情况以及个性特征，都与抑郁症状的出现有关。青少年吸烟在抑郁症状方面可能会产生显著的健康后果。减少青少年吸烟应该是预防抑郁症干预措施的重点。此外，可能有必要制定针对不同性别的预防干预措施。
