Patten C A, Choi W S, Gillin J C, Pierce J P
Nicotine Research Center and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Pediatrics. 2000 Aug;106(2):E23. doi: 10.1542/peds.106.2.e23.
To evaluate factors related to the development and persistence of adolescent sleep problems.
In this longitudinal, population-based study, the Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey was administered by telephone to 7960 adolescents (3921 girls and 4039 boys) 12 to 18 years old in 1989 and at follow-up in 1993. Sleep problems at both time points were assessed using a single item on the Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey. Those who responded that they "often or sometimes" had trouble going to sleep or staying asleep during the past 12 months were categorized as reporting sleep problems, whereas those who responded "often" were categorized as having frequent sleep problems. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify baseline characteristics predictive of the development and persistence of sleep problems or frequent sleep problems, respectively, from baseline to follow-up.
Of the 4866 adolescents without sleep problems at baseline, 28% developed sleep problems by 1993, and 9% developed frequent sleep problems. Of the 3094 adolescents who reported sleep problems at baseline, 52% reported sleep problems in 1993, and 21% reported frequent sleep problems. Female sex and notable depressive symptoms were associated with the development and persistence of sleep problems and frequent sleep problems at follow-up. Cigarette smoking status showed a dose-response relationship with development of sleep problems and frequent sleep problems, and with persistence of frequent sleep problems at follow-up.
The reduction of depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among adolescents are important factors to consider in prevention and treatment efforts focused on adolescent sleep problems.
评估与青少年睡眠问题的发生及持续存在相关的因素。
在这项基于人群的纵向研究中，1989年通过电话对7960名12至18岁的青少年（3921名女孩和4039名男孩）进行了青少年态度与行为调查，并于1993年进行了随访。使用青少年态度与行为调查中的一个单项来评估两个时间点的睡眠问题。那些回答在过去12个月里“经常或有时”难以入睡或难以保持睡眠的人被归类为报告有睡眠问题，而那些回答“经常”的人被归类为有频繁睡眠问题。多元逻辑回归分析分别用于确定从基线到随访期间预测睡眠问题或频繁睡眠问题发生及持续存在的基线特征。
在基线时没有睡眠问题的4866名青少年中，到1993年有28%出现了睡眠问题，9%出现了频繁睡眠问题。在基线时报告有睡眠问题的3094名青少年中，1993年有52%报告有睡眠问题，21%报告有频繁睡眠问题。女性性别和明显的抑郁症状与随访时睡眠问题和频繁睡眠问题的发生及持续存在有关。吸烟状况与睡眠问题和频繁睡眠问题的发生以及随访时频繁睡眠问题的持续存在呈剂量反应关系。
减少青少年的抑郁症状和吸烟是在针对青少年睡眠问题的预防和治疗工作中需要考虑的重要因素。
