Friedman A, Stanton J P, Gnjidic M, Fant R V, Pickworth W B
National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1998 Mar;20(2):147-53. doi: 10.1358/mf.1998.20.2.485654.
Delays between speech production and hearing, delayed auditory feedback (DAF), reduce speech and reading rates. Smoking cessation in heavy smokers causes subjective reports of difficulty in concentration, decrements in cognitive performance, and EEG changes. The purpose of the present study was to determine if tobacco cessation disrupts linguistic processing as modeled by the DAF paradigm. Smokers (n = 14) were tested on 3 d of ad libitum smoking and 3 d no smoking. At each session, they read a word list (24 words) and a story (about 57 words) with and without delay (220 msec). The delay significantly decreased reading speed of the story from 3.4 to 2.9 words per second (wps) and of list from 2.1 to 1.7 wps. However, tobacco cessation had no significant effect on reading speed and no interaction with DAF. Although tobacco withdrawal slows performance on cognitive tasks, linguistic processing modeled by DAF is preserved. DAF may prove useful for the study of other drug classes and drug withdrawal states.
言语产生与听觉之间的延迟，即延迟听觉反馈（DAF），会降低言语和阅读速度。重度吸烟者戒烟会导致主观上注意力难以集中、认知能力下降以及脑电图变化。本研究的目的是确定戒烟是否会像DAF范式所模拟的那样干扰语言处理。对吸烟者（n = 14）进行了3天自由吸烟和3天不吸烟的测试。在每个测试环节，他们阅读一份单词列表（24个单词）和一个故事（约57个单词），阅读时有时有延迟（220毫秒），有时无延迟。延迟显著降低了故事的阅读速度，从每秒3.4个单词降至2.9个单词，单词列表的阅读速度从每秒2.1个单词降至1.7个单词。然而，戒烟对阅读速度没有显著影响，且与DAF没有相互作用。尽管戒烟会减慢认知任务的执行速度，但由DAF模拟的语言处理能力得以保留。DAF可能被证明对研究其他药物类别和药物戒断状态有用。
