Reina-De La Torre F, Rodriguez-Baeza A, Sahuquillo-Barris J
Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
Anat Rec. 1998 May;251(1):87-96. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(199805)251:1<87::AID-AR14>3.0.CO;2-7.
The human cerebral cortex is supplied by vessels that arise from the pial arteries. These vessels give rise to a dense vascular network that is highly interconnected. Cortical arteries have been classified in different categories. Both their angioarchitectonic pattern and anatomical structures involved in their regulation are not fully understood.
Twelve fresh human brains were studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts.
Four types of arterial vessels in the cerebral cortex--short, middle, long, and transcortical--were identified. The cortical vascular network was formed by several interconnected clusters of vessels, which were arranged in four vascular layers parallel to the pial surface and characterized by different vascular densities. The greatest vascular density corresponded to the middle and deep vascular layers. Circular constrictions were found at the origin of cortical arteries and at their branching sites, probably related to vascular sphincters. Connections between cortical arteries were observed at their initial course. Plastic strips, occasionally related to constrictions, were observed around both middle and long cortical arteries. Other plastic structures, morphologically similar to pericytes, were found around capillary vessels.
The blood supply to the human cerebral cortex depends on the short, middle, and long cortical arteries, which give rise to a highly anastomosed capillary network. There exist vascular connections between pial arteries and occasionally between cortical arteries. Blood flow autoregulation is probably mediated by smooth muscle cells at the arteriolar level and by pericytes at the capillary level, through endothelial connections.
人类大脑皮层由软脑膜动脉发出的血管供血。这些血管形成一个高度相互连接的密集血管网络。皮层动脉已被分为不同类别。其血管构筑模式及其调节所涉及的解剖结构尚未完全明了。
通过对血管铸型进行扫描电子显微镜检查，对12个新鲜人脑进行了研究。
在大脑皮层中识别出四种类型的动脉血管——短动脉、中动脉、长动脉和穿通动脉。皮层血管网络由几个相互连接的血管簇组成，这些血管簇平行于软脑膜表面排列成四个血管层，且具有不同的血管密度。最大的血管密度对应于中血管层和深血管层。在皮层动脉的起始处及其分支部位发现了环形缩窄，可能与血管括约肌有关。在皮层动脉的起始段观察到了它们之间的连接。在中皮层动脉和长皮层动脉周围均观察到了偶尔与缩窄相关的塑料条带。在毛细血管周围发现了其他形态与周细胞相似的塑料结构。
人类大脑皮层的血液供应依赖于短、中、长皮层动脉，这些动脉形成了一个高度吻合的毛细血管网络。软脑膜动脉之间存在血管连接，皮层动脉之间偶尔也存在血管连接。血流自动调节可能是通过小动脉水平的平滑肌细胞以及毛细血管水平的周细胞，经内皮连接介导的。
