Schmuckler M A
Division of Life Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, ON, Canada.
Can J Exp Psychol. 1997 Dec;51(4):292-306. doi: 10.1037/1196-1961.51.4.292.
Two experiments explored the relation between melodic expectancy and melodic memory. In Experiment 1, listeners rated the degree to which different endings confirmed their expectations for a set of melodies. After providing these expectancy ratings, listeners received a recognition memory test in which they discriminated previously heard melodies from new melodies. Recognition memory in this task positively correlated with perceived expectancy, and was related to the estimated tonal coherence of these melodies. Experiment 2 extended these results, demonstrating better recognition memory for high expectancy melodies, relative to medium and low expectancy melodies. This experiment also observed asymmetrical memory confusions as a function of perceived expectancy. These findings fit with a model of musical memory in which schematically central events are better remembered than schematically peripheral events.
两项实验探究了旋律期待与旋律记忆之间的关系。在实验1中，听众对不同结尾符合其对一组旋律的期待程度进行评分。在给出这些期待评分后，听众接受了一项识别记忆测试，在该测试中他们要区分之前听过的旋律和新旋律。此任务中的识别记忆与感知到的期待呈正相关，并且与这些旋律的估计调性连贯性有关。实验2扩展了这些结果，表明相对于中等和低期待旋律，高期待旋律的识别记忆更好。该实验还观察到作为感知期待函数的不对称记忆混淆。这些发现符合一种音乐记忆模型，即概要上处于中心位置的事件比概要上处于边缘位置的事件更容易被记住。
