Palmer C, Drake C
Psychology Department, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
Can J Exp Psychol. 1997 Dec;51(4):369-84. doi: 10.1037/1196-1961.51.4.369.
We investigate changes in cognitive capacities that occur as musicians acquire performance skills. Previous studies suggest that skilled behaviour is characterized by advanced abilities to monitor one's own performance or to plan upcoming events. We first report a study of child pianists (aged 6-14 years old) of beginning and intermediate skill levels who performed well-learned musical pieces. Computer-detected pitch errors in the performances provided evidence for skill-related increases in both monitoring and planning: Children with more musical training showed quicker detection and correction of errors, more anticipatory and less perseveratory behavior, and larger range of planning than children with less training. Next we report a study of adult musicians' advanced performances, which showed heightened sensitivity to melody and repeated pitch structures. Planning and monitoring capacities increased most during initial stages of musical skill acquisition, whereas sensitivity to musical structure increased across all skill levels.
我们研究了音乐家在获得演奏技能时认知能力的变化。先前的研究表明，熟练行为的特征是具有先进的自我表现监控能力或对即将发生事件的规划能力。我们首先报告了一项对处于初级和中级技能水平的儿童钢琴家（6至14岁）的研究，这些儿童演奏了熟练掌握的音乐作品。计算机检测到的演奏中的音高错误为与技能相关的监控和规划能力的提高提供了证据：接受更多音乐训练的儿童比训练较少的儿童能更快地检测和纠正错误，表现出更多的预期行为和更少的固执行为，并且规划范围更大。接下来我们报告了一项对成年音乐家高级演奏的研究，该研究表明他们对旋律和重复音高结构的敏感度更高。在音乐技能习得的初始阶段，规划和监控能力提升最为显著，而对音乐结构的敏感度在所有技能水平上都有所提高。
