Marshall E C, Malinovsky V E
Indiana University, School of Optometry, Bloomington 47405, USA.
J Am Optom Assoc. 1998 May;69(5):281-91.
High blood pressure is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, kidney disease, and stroke. More people are aware of treating and controlling their blood pressure, but overall control rates are low and the incidence of hypertension-related morbidity and mortality remains high.
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute released The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) as the most recent national guideline to hypertension control for primary care clinicians.
JNC VI identifies 10 hypertension-related public health challenges: (1) prevent the rise of blood pressure; (2) decrease prevalence of hypertension; (3) increase awareness and detection of hypertension; (4) improve control of hypertension; (5) reduce cardiovascular risks; (6) increase recognition of importance of isolated systolic hypertension; (7) improve recognition of importance of high-normal blood pressure; (8) reduce ethnic, socioeconomic, and regional variations; (9) improve treatment; and (10) enhance community programs.
The eye is a target organ and retinopathy is a frequent complication--as well as a prognostic indicator--of sustained hypertension. As part of a multidisciplinary team approach, the optometrist assumes a significant role in the prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure and its associated morbidities.
高血压是冠状动脉疾病、肾脏疾病和中风的主要危险因素。越来越多的人意识到要治疗和控制血压，但总体控制率较低，高血压相关的发病率和死亡率仍然很高。
美国国立心肺血液研究所发布了《美国预防、检测、评估与治疗高血压联合委员会第六次报告》（JNC VI），作为基层医疗临床医生控制高血压的最新国家指南。
JNC VI确定了10项与高血压相关的公共卫生挑战：（1）防止血压升高；（2）降低高血压患病率；（3）提高对高血压的认识和检测率；（4）改善高血压控制情况；（5）降低心血管风险；（6）提高对单纯收缩期高血压重要性的认识；（7）提高对血压正常高值重要性的认识；（8）减少种族、社会经济和地区差异；（9）改善治疗；（10）加强社区项目。
眼睛是一个靶器官，视网膜病变是持续性高血压常见的并发症，也是其预后指标。作为多学科团队方法的一部分，验光师在高血压及其相关疾病的预防、检测、评估和治疗中发挥着重要作用。
