Mellon R D, Bayer B M
Georgetown University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
J Neuroimmunol. 1998 Mar 15;83(1-2):19-28. doi: 10.1016/s0165-5728(97)00217-8.
This review will discuss studies demonstrating that activation of opioid receptors within the central nervous system alters various immune system parameters. Specifically, natural killer cell cytolytic activity and lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogen appear to be modulated predominantly, if not exclusively, through central opioid receptors. The potential mechanisms by which central opioid receptors appear to modulate these peripheral immune functions will be examined by evaluating the role of both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system. The studies discussed below indicate that acute administration of morphine or related compounds appears to primarily alter peripheral immune function through the sympathetic nervous system, while more prolonged exposure to opioids alter the immune system predominantly by activation of the HPA axis. Finally, the potential clinical relevance of these observations are discussed in relationship to both the therapeutic use, as well as the abuse of opioid compounds.
本综述将讨论一些研究，这些研究表明中枢神经系统内阿片受体的激活会改变各种免疫系统参数。具体而言，自然杀伤细胞的细胞溶解活性以及淋巴细胞对有丝分裂原的增殖反应似乎主要（如果不是唯一的话）通过中枢阿片受体受到调节。通过评估下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺（HPA）轴和自主神经系统的作用，将研究中枢阿片受体调节这些外周免疫功能的潜在机制。下面讨论的研究表明，急性给予吗啡或相关化合物似乎主要通过交感神经系统改变外周免疫功能，而长时间接触阿片类药物则主要通过激活HPA轴来改变免疫系统。最后，将结合阿片类化合物的治疗用途以及滥用情况来讨论这些观察结果的潜在临床相关性。
