Buisson Y, Teyssou R, Nicand E
Laboratoire de Biologie Clinique, l'Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées du Val de Grâce, Paris, France.
Med Trop (Mars). 1997;57(4 Bis):514-8.
Many diseases are transmitted to man by consumption of contaminated food and drinking water. Orally transmitted diseases are among the main risks for travelers in developing and tropical countries. A variety of clinical manifestations can be observed but the diarrhea is the most common. In many cases bacterial gastroenteritis, typho-paratyphoidal fever, brucellosis, viral hepatitis, and various parasitic diseases can develop after various periods of incubation following consumption of contaminated food or drink with no initial reaction. Vaccination can afford protection against only few diseases. Prevention by applying good hygiene and common sense is the best method. By following the standard list of food precautions, travelers can minimize the main risks. Drug prophylaxis is recommended only under special circumstances. Travel medicine providers must have up-to-date information and possess the persuasive powers necessary to convince travelers to apply recommendations despite the major inconveniences.
许多疾病通过食用受污染的食物和饮用水传播给人类。经口传播的疾病是发展中国家和热带国家旅行者面临的主要风险之一。可以观察到多种临床表现，但腹泻最为常见。在许多情况下，食用受污染的食物或饮料后，经过不同的潜伏期，可能会引发细菌性肠胃炎、伤寒副伤寒热、布鲁氏菌病、病毒性肝炎以及各种寄生虫病，且最初可能并无反应。疫苗接种仅能预防少数疾病。通过保持良好的卫生习惯和运用常识进行预防是最佳方法。遵循标准的食物预防清单，旅行者可将主要风险降至最低。仅在特殊情况下才建议进行药物预防。旅行医学服务提供者必须掌握最新信息，并具备足够的说服力，以便说服旅行者尽管会带来诸多不便，仍要遵循相关建议。
