DiLorenzo T M, Stucky-Ropp R C, Vander Wal J S, Gotham H J
University of Missouri at Columbia 65211, USA.
Prev Med. 1998 May-Jun;27(3):470-7. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1998.0307.
Research has demonstrated that physical activity serves an important preventive function against the development of cardiovascular disease. The recognition that U.S. children are often sedentary, coupled with the observation that physical activity habits tend to persist into adulthood, has prompted the investigation of exercise determinants consistent with social learning theory. The purposes of the present study were to identify social learning variables relevant to children's exercise and to explore the longitudinal predictive value of the determinants.
Data were collected from 111 families (N = 54 girls, N = 57 boys) who were interviewed in both Phase 1 (fifth and sixth grades) and Phase 2 (eight and ninth grades) of this study. Data from mothers (N = 111) were collected during both phases; data from 80 fathers were collected at Phase 2 only.
The results of simultaneous stepwise regression analyses indicated that child's enjoyment of physical activity was the only consistent predictor of physical activity during Phase 1. At Phase 2, child's exercise knowledge, mother's physical activity, and child's and mother's friend modeling/support emerged as predictors for girls. For boys, child's self-efficacy for physical activity, exercise knowledge, parental modeling, and interest in sports media were important. Longitudinally, mother's self-efficacy, barriers to exercise, enjoyment of physical activity, and child's self-efficacy for physical activity were important for girls. Only child's exercise knowledge predicted boys' physical activity. The addition of information from fathers nearly doubled the explanatory power of the predictors for both genders.
Socialization in the family unit exerts a tremendous influence on health-related behaviors such as exercise. The relative importance of determinants seems to differ for girls and boys and the pattern of these determinants appears to change over time.
研究表明，体育活动对预防心血管疾病具有重要作用。鉴于美国儿童经常久坐不动，且体育活动习惯往往会持续到成年，这促使人们根据社会学习理论对运动决定因素进行研究。本研究的目的是确定与儿童运动相关的社会学习变量，并探讨这些决定因素的纵向预测价值。
本研究从111个家庭（54名女孩，57名男孩）收集数据，这些家庭在研究的第一阶段（五、六年级）和第二阶段（八、九年级）均接受了访谈。在两个阶段都收集了母亲（N = 111）的数据；仅在第二阶段收集了80名父亲的数据。
同时进行的逐步回归分析结果表明，儿童对体育活动的喜爱是第一阶段体育活动的唯一一致预测因素。在第二阶段，儿童的运动知识、母亲的体育活动以及儿童和母亲的朋友榜样/支持成为女孩体育活动的预测因素。对于男孩来说，儿童对体育活动的自我效能感、运动知识、父母榜样以及对体育媒体的兴趣很重要。从纵向来看，母亲的自我效能感、运动障碍、对体育活动的喜爱以及儿童对体育活动的自我效能感对女孩很重要。只有儿童的运动知识能预测男孩的体育活动。父亲提供的信息使预测因素对两性的解释力几乎增加了一倍。
家庭单位中的社会化对诸如运动等与健康相关的行为有巨大影响。决定因素的相对重要性在女孩和男孩中似乎有所不同，而且这些决定因素的模式似乎会随时间而变化。
