Alfredson H, Pietilä T, Jonsson P, Lorentzon R
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Northern Sweden, Umeå, Sweden.
Am J Sports Med. 1998 May-Jun;26(3):360-6. doi: 10.1177/03635465980260030301.
We prospectively studied the effect of heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training in 15 recreational athletes (12 men and 3 women; mean age, 44.3 +/- 7.0 years) who had the diagnosis of chronic Achilles tendinosis (degenerative changes) with a long duration of symptoms despite conventional nonsurgical treatment. Calf muscle strength and the amount of pain during activity (recorded on a visual analog scale) were measured before onset of training and after 12 weeks of eccentric training. At week 0, all patients had Achilles tendon pain not allowing running activity, and there was significantly lower eccentric and concentric calf muscle strength on the injured compared with the noninjured side. After the 12-week training period, all 15 patients were back at their preinjury levels with full running activity. There was a significant decrease in pain during activity, and the calf muscle strength on the injured side had increased significantly and did not differ significantly from that of the noninjured side. A comparison group of 15 recreational athletes with the same diagnosis and a long duration of symptoms had been treated conventionally, i.e., rest, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, changes of shoes or orthoses, physical therapy, and in all cases also with ordinary training programs. In no case was the conventional treatment successful, and all patients were ultimately treated surgically. Our treatment model with heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training has a very good short-term effect on athletes in their early forties.
我们前瞻性地研究了重负荷离心性小腿肌肉训练对15名业余运动员（12名男性和3名女性；平均年龄44.3±7.0岁）的影响，这些运动员被诊断为慢性跟腱病（退行性改变），尽管接受了传统的非手术治疗，但症状持续时间较长。在训练开始前和进行12周离心训练后，测量了小腿肌肉力量和活动期间的疼痛程度（采用视觉模拟评分法记录）。在第0周时，所有患者均有跟腱疼痛，无法进行跑步活动，受伤侧的离心和向心小腿肌肉力量明显低于未受伤侧。经过12周的训练期后，所有15名患者都恢复到了受伤前的水平，可以完全进行跑步活动。活动期间的疼痛明显减轻，受伤侧的小腿肌肉力量显著增加，与未受伤侧相比无显著差异。另一组由15名诊断相同、症状持续时间较长的业余运动员组成的对照组接受了传统治疗，即休息、使用非甾体抗炎药、更换鞋子或矫形器、物理治疗，并且在所有情况下还进行常规训练计划。在任何情况下，传统治疗均未成功，所有患者最终都接受了手术治疗。我们采用的重负荷离心性小腿肌肉训练治疗模式对四十岁出头的运动员具有非常好的短期效果。
