Welch D L
Biomed Instrum Technol. 1998 May-Jun;32(3):311-6.
Previous articles in this series have investigated the role of human factors engineering (HFE) in the design and development of medical devices and instrumentation. This article turns its focus to HFE within health care facilities--hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, HMOs, etc. The objective of HFE for the device manufacturer is to produce effective and safe systems. The health care facility is concerned with maintaining the safety of patients and staff, enhancing the cost efficiency of its operations, and controlling liability. Human factors engineering can be effective in realizing all of these goals. Proactive measures include (1) evaluation of currently employed systems for efficiency and error potential, (2) evaluation of systems prior to purchase, (3) evaluation and enhancement of facilities, and (4) design and evaluation of procedures. Retroactively, HFE participation in accident/incident investigations can carry such investigations beyond the placing of blame to determining what made a human error possible or even inevitable.
本系列之前的文章探讨了人因工程学（HFE）在医疗设备和仪器设计与开发中的作用。本文将重点转向医疗保健机构（医院、诊所、疗养院、健康维护组织等）内部的人因工程学。对于设备制造商而言，人因工程学的目标是生产有效且安全的系统。医疗保健机构关注的是维护患者和工作人员的安全、提高运营成本效率以及控制责任风险。人因工程学在实现所有这些目标方面可以发挥有效作用。积极措施包括：（1）评估当前使用的系统的效率和潜在错误；（2）在购买前评估系统；（3）评估和改进设施；（4）设计和评估程序。事后，人因工程学参与事故/事件调查可以使此类调查不仅仅停留在归咎责任，而是深入探究导致人为错误成为可能甚至不可避免的因素。
