Dinarello C A
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver 80262, USA.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 1997 Dec;8(4):253-65. doi: 10.1016/s1359-6101(97)00023-3.
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokine. There are two forms of IL-1, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta and in most studies, their biological activities are indistinguishable. IL-1 affects nearly every cell type, often in concert with another pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Although IL-1 can upregulate host defenses and function as an immunoadjuvant, IL-1 is a highly inflammatory cytokine. The margin between clinical benefit and unacceptable toxicity in humans is exceedingly narrow. In contrast, agents that reduce the production and/or activity of IL-1 are likely to have an impact on clinical medicine. The synthesis, processing, secretion and activity of IL-1, particularly IL-1beta, are tightly regulated events. A unique aspect of cytokine biology is the naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). IL-1Ra is structurally similar to IL-1beta but lacking agonist activity is used in clinical trials to reduce disease severity. In addition, regulation of IL-1 activity extends to low numbers of surface receptors, circulating soluble receptors and a cell surface "decoy" receptor to down-regulate responses to IL-1beta. This review updates the current knowledge on IL-1.
白细胞介素-1（IL-1）是典型的促炎细胞因子。IL-1有两种形式，即IL-1α和IL-1β，在大多数研究中，它们的生物学活性难以区分。IL-1几乎影响每种细胞类型，通常与另一种促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）协同作用。尽管IL-1可以上调宿主防御并作为免疫佐剂发挥作用，但它是一种高度炎性的细胞因子。在人类中，临床获益与不可接受的毒性之间的界限极其狭窄。相比之下，降低IL-1产生和/或活性的药物可能会对临床医学产生影响。IL-1，特别是IL-1β的合成、加工、分泌和活性是受到严格调控的过程。细胞因子生物学的一个独特方面是天然存在的IL-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1Ra）。IL-1Ra在结构上与IL-1β相似，但缺乏激动剂活性，已用于临床试验以减轻疾病严重程度。此外，对IL-1活性的调节还涉及少量的表面受体、循环可溶性受体以及一种细胞表面“诱饵”受体，以下调对IL-1β的反应。本综述更新了关于IL-1的当前知识。
