Akkersdijk W L, Vos A, van der Werken C
Merwedeziekenhuis, afd. Chirurgie, Dordrecht.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1998 Mar 14;142(11):557-61.
Several techniques are available for the provision of enteral nutritional support. Nasal tubes, gastrostomy tubes and jejunostomy tubes can be distinguised. Nasal tubes are used for short-term support, gastrostomy tubes (preferably via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) for long-term support (over 4 to 6 weeks), while (needle catheter) jejunostomy tubes are most often used to provide early enteral nutrition immediately after operations on the proximal gastrointestinal tract. The most frequent complications are: with the nasal tube dislodging, clogging and aspiration, with the gastrostomy tube peristomal infection and with the jejunostomy tube, obstruction. It should further be noted that the quantity of enteral nutrition prescribed and that actually administered may differ substantially so that patients with a feeding device may even become malnourished. With proper patient selection and secure control of the energy balance, feeding tubes are simple (temporary) devices that improve the patient's health and quality of life.
有多种技术可用于提供肠内营养支持。鼻饲管、胃造瘘管和空肠造瘘管可以区分开来。鼻饲管用于短期支持，胃造瘘管（最好通过经皮内镜胃造瘘术）用于长期支持（超过4至6周），而（针式导管）空肠造瘘管最常用于在近端胃肠道手术后立即提供早期肠内营养。最常见的并发症有：鼻饲管移位、堵塞和误吸，胃造瘘管造口周围感染，以及空肠造瘘管梗阻。还应注意的是，规定的肠内营养量与实际给予的量可能有很大差异，以至于使用喂养装置的患者甚至可能出现营养不良。通过适当的患者选择和对能量平衡的安全控制，喂养管是简单的（临时）装置，可改善患者的健康状况和生活质量。
