Claxton R P, Catalán J, Burgess A P
Psychological Medicine Unit Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
AIDS Care. 1998 Apr;10(2):175-90. doi: 10.1080/09540129850124433.
Work-related psychological distress (burnout) is a probable cause of drop-out among emotional support volunteers (buddies) who work with people living with AIDS. In addition to the emotional suffering and disruption to both the buddy and the buddied, burnout has significant cost implications for voluntary organizations in terms of training and recruitment. The aim of this study was to identify the demographic, situational and motivational factors associated with burnout among buddies with the intention of identifying individuals at risk at the recruitment stage. A cross-sectional single cohort postal questionnaire study design was used. All buddies registered with the Terrence Higgins Trust, a non-profit making organization set up in the UK to provide education about HIV/AIDS and care for people affected by the virus, were invited to participate. Psychological morbidity was measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory and motivation was assessed using the Calvert Motivation Checklist. Information on the buddy relationship and the demographic details of each buddy was also collected. Of 586 questionnaires distributed, 324 (55%) were returned. More than 24% of buddies were classified as probable cases of burnout on one or more of the MBI scales but this is lower than has been reported in medical and nursing staff working with people living with AIDS. Although a number of demographic, situational and motivational factors were associated with burnout, logistic regression models were unable to identify a useful proportion of individuals at risk. It was concluded that although burnout is an important psychological factor in retaining volunteers, it was not possible to identify individuals at risk of burning out either from their self-reported motivations or from demographic factors.
与工作相关的心理困扰（职业倦怠）可能是与艾滋病患者一起工作的情感支持志愿者（伙伴）退出的原因。除了给伙伴和受助者带来情感痛苦和干扰外，职业倦怠在培训和招募方面给志愿组织带来了巨大的成本影响。本研究的目的是确定与伙伴职业倦怠相关的人口统计学、情境和动机因素，以便在招募阶段识别有风险的个体。采用了横断面单队列邮政问卷调查研究设计。邀请了所有在特伦斯·希金斯信托基金登记的伙伴参与，该信托基金是英国一家非营利组织，旨在提供有关艾滋病毒/艾滋病的教育并照顾受该病毒影响的人。使用医院焦虑和抑郁量表测量心理发病率，使用马氏职业倦怠量表测量职业倦怠，并使用卡尔弗特动机清单评估动机。还收集了关于伙伴关系以及每个伙伴的人口统计学细节的信息。在分发的586份问卷中，有324份（55%）被退回。超过24%的伙伴在一个或多个马氏职业倦怠量表上被归类为可能的职业倦怠病例，但这低于与艾滋病患者一起工作的医护人员的报告比例。尽管一些人口统计学、情境和动机因素与职业倦怠有关，但逻辑回归模型无法识别出有风险个体的有效比例。研究得出结论，尽管职业倦怠是留住志愿者的重要心理因素，但无法从他们自我报告的动机或人口统计学因素中识别出有职业倦怠风险的个体。
