Corkum P, Tannock R, Moldofsky H
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Canada.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998 Jun;37(6):637-46. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199806000-00014.
To evaluate the relationship between sleep disturbances and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Empirical research published since 1970 on sleep disturbances in children with ADHD was systematically reviewed. A "box-score" approach was used to examine consistency of findings across the studies, which used different outcome measures.
Although subjective accounts of sleep disturbances in ADHD were prevalent, objective verification of these disturbances was less robust. The only consistent objective findings were that children with ADHD displayed more movements during sleep but did not differ from normal controls in total sleep time. An additional finding was that stimulant medication led to changes in the children's sleep (e.g., prolonged sleep latency, increased length of onset to first rapid eye movement cycle), but these changes were believed to be nonpathological.
The exact nature of the sleep problems in children with ADHD remains to be determined. Many of the relevant issues have not been adequately addressed. Factors such as poorly defined diagnostic groups, small sample sizes, few studies, and methodological and procedural limitations make it difficult to determine the relationship between ADHD and sleep problems.
评估睡眠障碍与注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）之间的关系。
系统回顾了自1970年以来发表的关于ADHD儿童睡眠障碍的实证研究。采用“综合评分”方法来检验各项研究结果的一致性，这些研究使用了不同的结果测量指标。
虽然ADHD儿童睡眠障碍的主观描述很普遍，但对这些障碍的客观验证却不那么可靠。唯一一致的客观发现是，ADHD儿童在睡眠中表现出更多的动作，但总睡眠时间与正常对照组没有差异。另一个发现是，兴奋剂药物导致儿童睡眠发生变化（例如，睡眠潜伏期延长，首次快速眼动周期开始时间延长），但这些变化被认为是非病理性的。
ADHD儿童睡眠问题的确切性质仍有待确定。许多相关问题尚未得到充分解决。诊断组定义不明确、样本量小、研究少以及方法和程序上的局限性等因素使得难以确定ADHD与睡眠问题之间的关系。
