Wilson B D
School of Physical Education, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Sports Med. 1998 May;25(5):333-7. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199825050-00005.
This article interprets the studies performed on the use of headgear in sport which relate to rugby. The design and testing of helmets and their effective use for protection in sport in general appears to be well documented. This is not the case for the use of protective headgear in rugby. Nevertheless, some conclusions and recommendations are warranted. Protection from the range of impacts that can arise through participation in contact sports does not seem to be attainable by using protective helmets or protective rugby headgear. However, the use of headgear is recommended for protection against lacerations and abrasions and to provide a limited protection from injury caused by impact. Referees should discourage the use of protective headgear, to manipulate an opponent by using the rules to eliminate such behaviour. Coaches, athletes and administrators must be committed to the practice of safe performance skills, for example, by not using the head as an implement and not targeting the headgear of the opposing player. Further research is required to determine the effectiveness of protective headgear in reducing the risk of injury in rugby, whether the use of headgear places a player at a greater risk of injury through altered behaviour and the reasons why players currently choose not to wear headgear.
本文解读了与橄榄球相关的运动中使用头部装备的研究。头盔的设计与测试以及它们在一般运动防护中的有效使用似乎已有充分记录。但在橄榄球运动中使用防护头部装备的情况并非如此。尽管如此，仍有一些结论和建议是必要的。通过参与接触性运动可能产生的一系列撞击，似乎无法通过使用防护头盔或橄榄球防护头部装备来实现防护。然而，建议使用头部装备以防止撕裂伤和擦伤，并提供有限的防撞击伤害保护。裁判应劝阻使用防护头部装备，以防止运动员利用规则操纵对手从而消除此类行为。教练、运动员和管理人员必须致力于安全表演技能的实践，例如，不将头部用作工具，不针对对方球员的头部装备。还需要进一步研究以确定防护头部装备在降低橄榄球运动中受伤风险方面的有效性，使用头部装备是否会因行为改变使球员面临更大的受伤风险，以及球员目前选择不佩戴头部装备的原因。
