Guillaume M, Lapidus L, Lambert A
Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Research in Nutrition and Health, Brussels, Belgium.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 May;52(5):323-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600532.
To analyse the association between nutritional and familial factors and obesity in boys and girls.
Randomized, cross-sectional population study.
Province de Luxembourg, Belgium.
One thousand and twenty-eight boys and girls in age strata 6-8, 8-10 and 10-12 y, comprising 70.3% of primary cohort.
Examinations included anthropometric measurements and questionnaires covering familial, socioeconomic and psychosocial factors. A three day dietary record was obtained in 955 children. This was analysed in relation to the anthropometric data.
In comparison with similar studies from other regions and recommended allowances, the intakes of total energy, fat, particularly saturated fat and cholesterol, were high, while consumption of carbohydrate and fiber was low, as well as the polyunsaturated/saturated ratio of fat. Total energy intake showed no or weakly significant correlations with anthropometric factors. However, total fat (P=0.045) and saturated fat (P=0.0005) intake showed consistent positive correlations with body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and skinfold thickness, with corresponding negative relationships to carbohydrate intake (P=0.034) in boys. Such relationships were also found when calculated as energy density. These associations were not statistically significant in girls. The high fat, low carbohydrate pattern of the nutritional status seemed to be more pronounced in families where the father had a low level of education (lipids, boys, P=0.0007), and where both parents were obese (saturated fat, boys, P=0.023), suggesting involvement of socioeconomic and familial factors.
The lack of correlation between factors indicating obesity and total energy intake suggests that the positive energy balance causing obesity is due mainly to a low energy output. However, since energy intake measurements are imprecise, overeating can not be excluded, particularly since elevated consumption of food with high contents of fat, found in these children seems to be poorly regulated.
分析营养因素和家庭因素与男孩及女孩肥胖之间的关联。
随机横断面人群研究。
比利时卢森堡省。
年龄在6 - 8岁、8 - 10岁和10 - 12岁的1028名男孩和女孩，占初始队列的70.3%。
检查包括人体测量和涵盖家庭、社会经济及心理社会因素的问卷调查。955名儿童提供了一份三天的饮食记录，并与人体测量数据进行关联分析。
与其他地区的类似研究及推荐摄入量相比，总能量、脂肪（尤其是饱和脂肪和胆固醇）的摄入量较高，而碳水化合物、纤维的摄入量较低，脂肪的多不饱和/饱和比值也较低。总能量摄入量与人体测量因素无相关性或相关性较弱。然而，总脂肪摄入量（P = 0.045）和饱和脂肪摄入量（P = 0.0005）与体重指数（BMI，kg/m²）和皮褶厚度呈一致的正相关，在男孩中与碳水化合物摄入量呈相应的负相关（P = 0.034）。以能量密度计算时也发现了类似关系。这些关联在女孩中无统计学意义。营养状况中高脂肪、低碳水化合物的模式在父亲教育程度较低的家庭中似乎更为明显（脂质，男孩，P = 0.0007），以及父母双方均肥胖的家庭中（饱和脂肪，男孩，P = 0.023），这表明社会经济和家庭因素参与其中。
表明肥胖的因素与总能量摄入量之间缺乏相关性，这表明导致肥胖的正能量平衡主要是由于能量输出较低。然而，由于能量摄入量的测量并不精确，不能排除暴饮暴食的情况，特别是因为这些儿童中高脂肪食物的摄入量增加似乎未得到良好控制。
