Grill J H, Peckham P H
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng. 1998 Jun;6(2):190-9. doi: 10.1109/86.681185.
Spinal cord injury sustained at the C5/C6 level leaves an individual without voluntary control of the muscles of the forearm, hand, or of the elbow extensors. The objective of this research project was to integrate functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) control of elbow extension with a previously developed system that provides hand grasp in order to increase the working volume in space in which users can perform functional tasks. Elbow extension control was achieved by detecting the position of the arm in space and determining the magnitude of the gravitational moment acting to oppose extension. An accelerometer was used as the command control source, and this sensor was placed over the ulna near the elbow joint to detect static (gravitational) acceleration, and therefore the gravitational moment acting about the elbow joint. This value determined the level of electrical stimulation required to activate the triceps muscles to full extension against these forces. Combined FNS control of elbow extension and hand grasp was implemented in two quadriplegic subjects. Both subjects were able to reach and grasp objects at locations in space which were unattainable without triceps activation.
颈5/颈6水平的脊髓损伤会导致个体无法自主控制前臂、手部或肘部伸肌的肌肉。本研究项目的目的是将肘部伸展的功能性神经肌肉刺激（FNS）控制与先前开发的提供手部抓握功能的系统相结合，以增加用户能够执行功能性任务的空间工作范围。通过检测手臂在空间中的位置并确定对抗伸展的重力矩大小来实现肘部伸展控制。使用加速度计作为命令控制源，该传感器放置在肘关节附近的尺骨上，以检测静态（重力）加速度，从而检测作用于肘关节的重力矩。该值确定了激活肱三头肌以对抗这些力完全伸展所需的电刺激水平。在两名四肢瘫痪受试者中实施了肘部伸展和手部抓握的联合FNS控制。两名受试者都能够触及并抓握在没有肱三头肌激活时无法到达的空间位置的物体。
