García C J, Flores P A, Arce J D, Chuaqui B, Schwartz D S
Departamento de Radiología, Hospital Clínico Universidad Católica, Marcoleta 367, Santiago, Chile.
Pediatr Radiol. 1998 Jun;28(6):418-25. doi: 10.1007/s002470050375.
Salivary gland lesions are uncommon in children and may be related to the parotid, submandibular or sublingual glands. Inflammatory lesions are the most common cause of salivary gland abnormalities in children and can be due to acute viral, acute suppurative, or recurrent acute or chronic inflammation. Intraparotid lymphadenitis may also occur, as in cat-scratch disease or in other causes of cervical lymphadenitis. Salivary gland neoplasms are rare in children, and most of them are benign including mainly hemangioma, pleomorphic adenoma, or lymphangioma. Other lesions, such as sialolithiasis, mucocele, or ranula, may also be seen. Ultrasonography should be the initial imaging study used for the examination of salivary gland lesions in children, given the fact that most of such lesions are benign and are shown up clearly by sonography. In most cases, this technique permits the differentiation of intraglandular and extraglandular lesions, and may suggest the correct diagnosis. The entire lesion could not be totally depicted by US however, and other imaging techniques such as CT or MRI may be necessary. Vascular lesions can be demonstrated more clearly through the use of color Doppler imaging. Some of the lesions may appear similar, and clinical correlation is important for the differential diagnosis. This article discusses the sonographic appearance and clinical manifestations of the spectrum of salivary gland abnormalities that may occur in children.
唾液腺病变在儿童中并不常见，可能与腮腺、颌下腺或舌下腺有关。炎症性病变是儿童唾液腺异常的最常见原因，可由急性病毒感染、急性化脓性感染或复发性急性或慢性炎症引起。腮腺内淋巴结炎也可能发生，如猫抓病或其他原因引起的颈部淋巴结炎。唾液腺肿瘤在儿童中很少见，大多数为良性，主要包括血管瘤、多形性腺瘤或淋巴管瘤。其他病变，如涎石病、黏液囊肿或舌下囊肿也可能出现。鉴于大多数此类病变为良性且超声检查能清晰显示，超声检查应作为儿童唾液腺病变检查的初始影像学方法。在大多数情况下，该技术可区分腺内和腺外病变，并可能提示正确诊断。然而，超声检查无法完全显示整个病变，可能需要其他影像学技术，如CT或MRI。通过使用彩色多普勒成像，血管病变可更清晰地显示。有些病变可能表现相似，临床关联对于鉴别诊断很重要。本文讨论了儿童可能出现的一系列唾液腺异常的超声表现和临床表现。
