Boulinier T, Nichols J D, Hines J E, Sauer J R, Flather C H, Pollock K H
North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jun 23;95(13):7497-501. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.13.7497.
Understanding the relationship between animal community dynamics and landscape structure has become a priority for biodiversity conservation. In particular, predicting the effects of habitat destruction that confine species to networks of small patches is an important prerequisite to conservation plan development. Theoretical models that predict the occurrence of species in fragmented landscapes, and relationships between stability and diversity do exist. However, reliable empirical investigations of the dynamics of biodiversity have been prevented by differences in species detection probabilities among landscapes. Using long-term data sampled at a large spatial scale in conjunction with a capture-recapture approach, we developed estimates of parameters of community changes over a 22-year period for forest breeding birds in selected areas of the eastern United States. We show that forest fragmentation was associated not only with a reduced number of forest bird species, but also with increased temporal variability in the number of species. This higher temporal variability was associated with higher local extinction and turnover rates. These results have major conservation implications. Moreover, the approach used provides a practical tool for the study of the dynamics of biodiversity.
理解动物群落动态与景观结构之间的关系已成为生物多样性保护的首要任务。特别是，预测将物种限制在小斑块网络中的栖息地破坏的影响是制定保护计划的重要前提。确实存在预测破碎景观中物种出现情况以及稳定性与多样性之间关系的理论模型。然而，景观之间物种检测概率的差异阻碍了对生物多样性动态进行可靠的实证研究。我们利用在美国东部选定区域大规模空间尺度上长期采样的数据，并结合标记重捕法，得出了22年间森林繁殖鸟类群落变化参数的估计值。我们表明，森林破碎化不仅与森林鸟类物种数量减少有关，还与物种数量的时间变异性增加有关。这种更高的时间变异性与更高的局部灭绝和更替率相关。这些结果具有重大的保护意义。此外，所采用的方法为研究生物多样性动态提供了一种实用工具。
