Richter P, Werner J, Heerlein A, Kraus A, Sauer H
Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
Psychopathology. 1998;31(3):160-8. doi: 10.1159/000066239.
The present review discusses validity aspects of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) on the basis of meta-analyses of studies on the psychometric properties. Shortcomings of the BDI are its high item difficulty, lack of representative norms, and thus doubtful objectivity of interpretation, controversial factorial validity, instability of scores over short time intervals (over the course of 1 day), and poor discriminant validity against anxiety. Advantages of the inventory are its high internal consistency, high content validity, validity in differentiating between depressed and nondepressed subjects, sensitivity to change, and international propagation. The present paper outlines agreements and contradictions between the various studies on the BDI and discusses the potential factors (composition of the subject sample, statistical procedures, point in time of measurement) accounting for the variance in their results. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is world-wide among the most used self-rating scales for measuring depression. Since the test construction in 1961, the test has been employed in numerous (more than 2,000) empirical studies. The present review will only consider those investigations which are primarily concerned with the validity or the psychometric properties of the BDI. Since most studies are oriented along the criteria of the classical test theory, our review will discuss to what extent the BDI meets these criteria.
本综述基于对贝克抑郁量表（BDI）心理测量学特性研究的荟萃分析，探讨了该量表的效度问题。BDI的缺点包括项目难度高、缺乏代表性常模，因而解释的客观性存疑，因素效度存在争议，短时间间隔（一天内）得分不稳定，以及对焦虑的区分效度较差。该量表的优点包括内部一致性高、内容效度高、在区分抑郁与非抑郁受试者方面有效、对变化敏感，以及在国际上广泛传播。本文概述了关于BDI的各项研究之间的共识与矛盾，并讨论了导致其结果存在差异的潜在因素（受试者样本构成、统计程序、测量时间点）。贝克抑郁量表（BDI）是全球使用最广泛的用于测量抑郁的自评量表之一。自1961年编制以来，该测试已被用于众多（超过2000项）实证研究。本综述仅考虑那些主要关注BDI效度或心理测量学特性的研究。由于大多数研究遵循经典测试理论的标准，我们的综述将讨论BDI在多大程度上符合这些标准。
