Barr S I, McKay H A
School of Family and Nutritional Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Int J Sport Nutr. 1998 Jun;8(2):124-42. doi: 10.1123/ijsn.8.2.124.
The maximal amount of bone mass gained during growth (peak bone mass) is an important determinant of bone mass in later life and thereby an important determinant of fracture risk. Although genetic factors appear to be primary determinants of peak bone mass, environmental factors such as physical activity and nutrition also contribute. In this article, bone growth and maintenance are reviewed, and mechanisms are described whereby physical activity can affect bone mass. Studies addressing the effects of physical activity on bone status in youth are reviewed: Although conclusive data are not yet available, considerable evidence supports the importance of activity, especially activity initiated before puberty. The critical role of energy in bone growth is outlined, and studies assessing the impact of calcium intake during childhood and adolescence are reviewed. Although results of intervention trials are equivocal, other evidence supports a role for calcium intake during growth. Recommendations for physical activity and nutrition, directed to children and adolescents, are presented.
生长过程中获得的最大骨量（峰值骨量）是晚年骨量的重要决定因素，因此也是骨折风险的重要决定因素。尽管遗传因素似乎是峰值骨量的主要决定因素，但身体活动和营养等环境因素也有影响。本文回顾了骨骼生长和维持情况，并描述了身体活动影响骨量的机制。对有关身体活动对青少年骨骼状态影响的研究进行了综述：虽然尚无确凿数据，但大量证据支持身体活动的重要性，尤其是青春期前开始的活动。概述了能量在骨骼生长中的关键作用，并对评估儿童和青少年钙摄入量影响的研究进行了综述。尽管干预试验的结果尚无定论，但其他证据支持生长期间钙摄入的作用。针对儿童和青少年提出了身体活动和营养方面的建议。
