Johnson F M
Toxicology Operations Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Mutat Res. 1998 Apr;410(2):123-40. doi: 10.1016/s1383-5742(97)00032-x.
This article reviews the effects of lead on genetic systems in the context of lead's various other toxic effects and its abundance and distribution in the environment. Lead is perhaps the longest used and best recognized toxic environmental chemical, yet it continued be used recklessly until only very recently. Lead is thus a lesson in the limitations and strengths of science, human conscience and common sense. Lead has been tested and found to be capable of eliciting a positive response in an extraordinarily wide range of biological and biochemical tests; among them tests for enzyme inhibition, fidelity of DNA synthesis, mutation, chromosome aberrations, cancer and birth defects. It reacts or complexes with many biomolecules and adversely affects the reproductive, nervous, gastrointestinal, immune, renal, cardiovascular, skeletal, muscular and hematopoietic systems as well as developmental processes. It is likely that lead is a selective agent that continues to act on and influence the genetic structure and future evolution of exposed plant and animal populations.
本文结合铅的各种其他毒性作用及其在环境中的丰度和分布，综述了铅对遗传系统的影响。铅可能是使用时间最长且最广为人知的有毒环境化学物质，但直到最近它仍被肆意使用。因此，铅是关于科学、人类良知和常识的局限性与优势的一个教训。铅已经过测试，发现在极其广泛的生物和生化测试中都能引发阳性反应；其中包括酶抑制、DNA合成保真度、突变、染色体畸变、癌症和出生缺陷等测试。它与许多生物分子发生反应或形成复合物，对生殖、神经、胃肠、免疫、肾脏、心血管、骨骼、肌肉和造血系统以及发育过程产生不利影响。铅很可能是一种选择因子，继续作用并影响受其暴露的动植物种群的遗传结构和未来进化。
