Morozov V G, Khavinson V K
Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St Petersburg, Russia.
Int J Immunopharmacol. 1997 Sep-Oct;19(9-10):501-5. doi: 10.1016/s0192-0561(97)00058-1.
Natural thymic peptides have been isolated from calf thymus by mild acid extraction. Pharmaceutical containing natural peptides (Thymalin) was put into practice as immunocorrector. One of the immunomodulatory molecules (L-Glu-L-Trp) has been isolated from Thymalin by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmaceutical containing this agent (Thymogen) was designed on the base of synthesized dipeptide. A novel immunomodulatory dipeptide was synthesized and termed Vilon. Both natural and synthetic pharmaceuticals activated T-cell differentiation, T-cell recognition of peptide-MHC complexes, induced the changes in intracellular composition of cyclic nucleotides and cytokine [interleukin (IL-2), interferon (IFN)] excretion of blood lymphocytes. Synthetic dipeptides activated neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis. They had no influence on antioxidant response in thymocytes in comparison with natural peptides. Thymalin and Thymogen were used in persons with chronic pathology and immune dysfunction. The results indicate that thymic peptides participate in the regulating mechanisms of inflammatory processes as cytokine antagonists and show the difference between natural and synthetic products. It is important for the drugs designed to prevent immune dysfunction development.
天然胸腺肽已通过温和酸提取法从小牛胸腺中分离出来。含有天然肽的药物（胸腺素）已作为免疫调节剂投入使用。其中一种免疫调节分子（L-谷氨酰胺-L-色氨酸）已通过反相高效液相色谱法从胸腺素中分离出来。基于合成二肽设计了含有这种药剂的药物（胸腺生成素）。合成了一种新型免疫调节二肽并命名为维隆。天然和合成药物均能激活T细胞分化、T细胞对肽-MHC复合物的识别，诱导血液淋巴细胞中环状核苷酸的细胞内组成变化以及细胞因子[白细胞介素（IL-2）、干扰素（IFN）]分泌。合成二肽能激活中性粒细胞趋化性和吞噬作用。与天然肽相比，它们对胸腺细胞的抗氧化反应没有影响。胸腺素和胸腺生成素用于患有慢性疾病和免疫功能障碍的人群。结果表明，胸腺肽作为细胞因子拮抗剂参与炎症过程的调节机制，并显示出天然和合成产品之间的差异。这对于旨在预防免疫功能障碍发展的药物很重要。
