Sunanto J, Nakata H
Institute of Special Education, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
Percept Mot Skills. 1998 Apr;86(2):383-6. doi: 10.2466/pms.1998.86.2.383.
The ability of blind and blindfolded sighted subjects to discriminate cubes of different heights was measured using the method of constant stimuli. Five male blind and 5 male blindfolded sighted students, ages 22 to 28 years, were subjects. All blind subjects had undergone orientation and mobility training at a school for the blind. The cubes, made of wood, were explored using a long cane. Subjects were presented the standard cube and a comparison cube and required to judge whether the comparison cube height was taller, the same, or shorter than the standard. Analysis showed that the difference thresholds of blind and blindfolded sighted subjects were 1.93 and 2.14 cm, respectively. No significant difference in accuracy of discrimination was found between the two groups. The blind subjects showed significantly better performance than the blindfolded sighted subjects on the discrimination task. The blind subjects performed the task significantly faster than the blindfolded sighted subjects. The results suggest that braille reading, use of a long cane, and daily physical activities which required prolonged haptic or proprioceptive learning, may enhance nonvisual motor skills.
采用恒定刺激法测量了盲人及蒙眼视力正常受试者辨别不同高度立方体的能力。研究对象为5名年龄在22至28岁之间的男性盲人学生和5名蒙眼的男性视力正常学生。所有盲人受试者都在一所盲人学校接受过定向和移动训练。用一根长手杖探索由木头制成的立方体。向受试者展示标准立方体和一个对比立方体，并要求他们判断对比立方体的高度是高于、等于还是低于标准立方体。分析表明，盲人受试者和蒙眼视力正常受试者的差异阈值分别为1.93厘米和2.14厘米。两组在辨别准确性上没有显著差异。在辨别任务中，盲人受试者的表现明显优于蒙眼视力正常的受试者。盲人受试者完成任务的速度明显快于蒙眼视力正常的受试者。结果表明，盲文阅读、使用长手杖以及需要长期触觉或本体感觉学习的日常体育活动，可能会提高非视觉运动技能。
